1 10 12 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/905de6f1dc4a028800c8dc8f60f07152.png a02186ebe4f2ad1ff749cbfea926c425 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Provincial towns Subject The topic of the resource urban space, administrative space Description An account of the resource The provincial town (губернский город) was the administrative capital of the province, the seat of the civil governor, and in some cases a military governor or governor-general. Provincial towns ranged from the relatively humble (Vologda) to the grandiose (St. Petersburg). Some boasted long urban histories, such as Moscow or Kiev, while others were essentially conjured out of thin air by imperial decree, such as Kherson and Simferopol. A few qualified as economic centers or trading hubs (think Riga or Novgorod); a handful were cultural centers (think Vilno or Tiflis). Others were frontier towns first and foremost, such as Ufa and Tobol'sk. <h3>Provincial Towns (alphabetically, by province)</h3> <table width="700" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><colgroup><col span="2" width="300" /> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="xl60" width="300" height="17">Provincial town</td> <td class="xl60" width="300">Province</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Arkhangel'sk (Архангельск)</td> <td>Arkhangel'skaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Astrakhan (Астрахань)</td> <td>Astrakhanskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Belostok (Белосток)</td> <td>Belostokskaia oblast'</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Kishinev (Кишинев)</td> <td>Bessarabskaia oblast'</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Chernigov (Чернигов)</td> <td>Chernigovskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Novocherkask (Новочеркаск)</td> <td>Don Cossack Host</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Ekaterinoslav (Екатеринослав)</td> <td>Ekaterinoslavskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Krasnoiarsk (Красноярск)</td> <td>Eniseiskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Revel' (Ревель)</td> <td>Estliandskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Grodno (Гродно)</td> <td>Grodnenskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Iakutsk (Якутск)</td> <td>Iakutskaia oblast'</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Iaroslavl' (Ярославль)</td> <td>Iaroslavskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Irkutsk (Иркутск)</td> <td>Irkutskaia oblast'</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Kaluga (Калуга)</td> <td>Kaluzhskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Petropavlovskoi Port (Петропавловской Порт)</td> <td>Kamchatka</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Stavropol' (Ставрополь)</td> <td>Kavkazskaia oblast'</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Kazan' (Казань)</td> <td>Kazanskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Khar'khov (Харьхов)</td> <td>Khar'kovskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Kherson (Херсон)</td> <td>Khersonskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Kiev (Киев)</td> <td>Kievskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Kostroma (Кострома)</td> <td>Kostromskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Mitau (Митау)</td> <td>Kurliandskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Kursk (Курск)</td> <td>Kurskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Riga (Рига)</td> <td>Lifliandskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Minsk (Минск)</td> <td>Minskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Mogilev (Могилев)</td> <td>Mogilevskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Moskva (Москва)</td> <td>Moskovskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Nizhnii Novgorod (Нижний Новгород)</td> <td>Nizhegorodskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Novgorod (Новгород)</td> <td>Novgorodskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Okhotsk (Охотск)</td> <td>Okhotskoi okrug</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Petrozavodsk (Петрозаводск)</td> <td>Olonetskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Omsk (Омск)</td> <td>Omskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Ufa (Уфа)</td> <td>Orenburgskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Orel (Орел)</td> <td>Orlovskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Penza (Пенза)</td> <td>Penzenskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Perm' (Пермь)</td> <td>Permskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Kamenets (Каменец)</td> <td>Podol'skaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Poltava (Полтава)</td> <td>Poltavskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Pskov (Псков)</td> <td>Pskovskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Riazan' (Рязань)</td> <td>Riazanskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Sankt Peterburg (Санкт Петербург)</td> <td>Sanktpeterburgskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Saratov (Саратов)</td> <td>Saratovskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Simbirsk (Симбирск)</td> <td>Simbirskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Smolensk (Смоленск)</td> <td>Smolenskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Tambov (Тамбов)</td> <td>Tambovskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Simferopol' (Симферополь)</td> <td>Tavricheskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Tobol'sk (Тобольск)</td> <td>Tobol'skaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Tomsk (Томск)</td> <td>Tomskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Tula (Тула)</td> <td>Tul'skaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Tver' (Тверь)</td> <td>Tverskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Viatka (Вятка)</td> <td>Viatskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Vil'no (Вильно)</td> <td>Vilenskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Vitebsk (Витебск)</td> <td>Vitebskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Vladimir (Владимир)</td> <td>Vladimirskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Vologda (Вологда)</td> <td>Vologodskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Zhitomir (Житомир)</td> <td>Volynskaia guberniia</td> </tr> <tr> <td height="17">Voronezh' (Воронежь)</td> <td>Voronezhskaia guberniia</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas] https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/33f942f5472837618d5f756d62d20342.png abd50a79f8263f4a6278167081bdb271 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource District towns Subject The topic of the resource urban space administrative space Description An account of the resource The Piadyshev Atlas contains attestations of 459 district (uezd) towns. This is a bit odd, given the fact that the atlas describes 591 districts. How might we make up - or at least explain the shortfall? To start, the 43 districts in the Grand Duchy of Finland, the 8 voevodstvos in the Kingdom of Poland, the 24 domains (владения) and districts (округа) of the (former) Kingdom of Georgia, and the 7 nachal'stva of the Don Cossack territory lacked district seats per se, as these regions had different administrative structures than the rest of the empire. That brings the target number down to 509, from 592. GIS software makes it incredibly easy to count the number of districts with at least one location designated as a district town: 444. In other words, the dataset is missing 66 district towns? Happily, that is not the case. You see, in most cases, a district that was home to a provincial seat (gubernskij gorod) did not have a separate district town. That means that we can add our provincial towns to the count. 55 districts were home to provincial towns (excluding Okhotsk and Kamchatka, which were not organized as regular provinces), but in 5 cases the atlas shows the presence of both a provincial and a district town. Eliminating those redundancies, and treating provincial towns as district towns, we can now cover 494 districts. What about the remaining 15? Careful scrutiny reveals that according to the atlas, precisely 15 districts lacked district towns altogether (3 in Iakutsk, 1 in Tavrida, 1 in Kavkazskaia oblast', 3 in Kharkov, 4 in Minsk, 3 in Vilensk). The math is a dizzying and the explanations myriad, but the result is that the dataset in fact contains what it ought to, given the parameters of the source from which it is drawn. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas] https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/0066000ee78bd1a4f3b35ce0f3b8ac01.png b72355c5bc8c78433feb1d2443b25941 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Large towns Description An account of the resource Large towns (большие города) are found only in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Finland. Subject The topic of the resource urban space Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas] https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/4cbd60e66657f4fac62f6be8797f35a4.png bf6aea5de89379bc1f68d4b2fb95348a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mid-size towns Subject The topic of the resource urban space Description An account of the resource Mid-size towns are found only in the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Finland. They are rough equivalents of the uezd towns. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas] https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/da163e4dca5bdfa0f567b4580a086760.png d9db6b14aa3ee7eb66e4a2d0c4454bea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Farmsteads (khutors) Description An account of the resource While most peasants lived in villages, a peasant holding a farmstead (хутор, khutor) lived - together with his family - on the land. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas] Subject The topic of the resource rural spaces https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/340d7846b22d3d61d66efd49cee96f52.png 7615ab140ac738f3e20b996c93956bee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Protestant parishes Subject The topic of the resource rural spaces administrative space Description An account of the resource On the Piadyshev atlas, the kirchspiel (кирхшпил) denotes the presence of a Protestant parish. This layer doubles as a rough approximation of Protestant churches. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas] https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/bfa2edf6f7d541209787d59acf5c8b5a.png 0ab209a0a6e906c59270162b63f0c843 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/a9c07df20c5c8fe39520193ef22417be.png eaed9213211d4309f8e6e4bab54cb5d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Towns (non-administrative) Description An account of the resource Russian law differentiated between towns that were, and towns that were not, seats of administrative power. In each district (uezd) there could be only one "district town" (uezdnyj gorod); other populated places that enjoyed the privileges of urban status were called zashtatnye goroda (заштатные города) or pripisnye gorod (приписные города). The Piadyshev atlas uses the same symbol to describe both zashtatnye and pripisnye towns. Pripisnye goroda, or registered towns, are the predominant form. The following provinces contain zashtatnye, rather than pripisnye, goroda:  <ul> <li>Kurliand (where they are called "ordinary" (обыкновенные) towns</li> <li>Lifliand (where they are designated "small" (малые) towns</li> <li>Estliand (where they are designated "small" (малые) towns</li> <li>Kharkov</li> <li>Ekaterinoslav</li> <li>Tavrida</li> <li>Kursk</li> <li>Orlov</li> <li>Kostroma</li> <li>Caucasus</li> <li>Orenburg</li> <li>Tomsk</li> <li>Enisejsk</li> <li>Irkutsk</li> <li>Kamchatka (where they are designated "non-uezd towns")</li> </ul> In Arkhangel'sk, Tobol'sk, and Iakutsk the legend includes a combined category (приписный или заштатный). Subject The topic of the resource urban spaces Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas] https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/85b7a262770ce7f0be744f7177bbaa03.png 9b69fd66c303d724ad5547213caa01ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Minor towns Description An account of the resource The "minor town" (mestechko/местечко) was distinct from other rural and urban settlement types. According to most sources, the mestechko had four distinguishing features:  <ol> <li>In ethnic terms, the inhabitants of a mestechko were generally Jewish.</li> <li>In social terms, the inhabitants of a mestechko were traders and/or craftsmen.</li> <li>In geographic terms, mestechka were located in the western provinces - those incorporated into the empire through the Partitions of Poland - and in the Caucasus.</li> <li>In administrative terms, in order for a settlement to be considered a mestechko, there must be an official meshchanstvo administration (мещанское управление) present. </li> </ol>That is, anyway, how the minor town is described in authoritative late nineteenth-century sources, such as the Brokgaus Efron Encyclopedia. At the time of the compilation of the Piadyshev atlas, it was a slightly more fungible category. Moreover, Piadyshev and company decided to use the same symbol to designate the presence of a mestechko, posad, or ostrog: <ul> <li>Mestechko and posad: Pskov, Arkhangel'sk, Novgorod, Tver, Kostroma, Vladimir, Saratov, Vologda</li> <li>Mestechko and stanitsa: Voronezh</li> <li>Mestechko and ostrog: Tomsk, Enisejsk, Irkutsk, Iakutsk, Okhotsk</li> <li>Kamchatka: ostrog</li> </ul> As a result, the minor town has a broad distribution across the atlas, with 1,066 locations spread over 40 provinces, from the Polish provinces all the way to Kamchatka.  Subject The topic of the resource urban spaces Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas] https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/1bb96f12e596f5b1da6c8da5d5c06865.png 37c79f253ebb60ea18810395e31bbd1c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fortified and unfortified towns Description An account of the resource In the former kingdom of Georgia, annexed by Russia in 1801, we find towns distinguished by size and marked as fortified or unfortified. Subject The topic of the resource urban spaces Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas] https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/b9e9990a932d7dc824db6bd08562e123.png c0af68281c32c297617aa8b79fd7334c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Settlements Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context settlements Description An account of the resource <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self">[Back to The Spatial Profile]</a> Atlas Element Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Villages (derevni) Description An account of the resource Villages came in several varieties, the derevnia and the selo being by far the most numerous. This layer describes derevni (деревня > деревни), which correspond, more or less, to the English term "hamlet": a small, unincorporated, rural settlement. While a selo was generally the site of an Orthodox church and a seat of peasant administration, a derevnia lacked those features. This layer contains 4,455 villages, spread from islands off the Finnish coast to the mouth of the Lena River in northern Siberia. This is a crucial point, in fact: in comparison with sela, the distribution of derevni was less dense but more widespread. Subject The topic of the resource rural spaces Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self">Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire</a>, 1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas]