24 10 1271 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/b5160e0afb34eaedd2325bcdf8ff187e.jpg 4857c7318b18d7b00ff957cf53b72db8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource frontispiece to The Volga from Tver to Astrakhan Description An account of the resource This is the cover art for the first river guide published in Russia: a guide to the Volga, from Tver to Astrakhan on the Caspian. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Text by N. P. Bogoliubov; illustrations by A. P. Bogoliubov Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Samolet Steam Navigation Company; printed in St. Petersburg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The <a href="https://docs.tverlib.ru/kraevedenie/volga_ot_tveri_do_astrahani/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">full text is accessible</a> via the Tver Public Library. Language A language of the resource Russian IIIF Item Metadata UUID 4f1c3e67-d3e6-452c-a2a3-a33c47352180 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plan goroda Moskvy, s prigorodami ; Планъ города Москвы съ пригородами Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/ids:10389761 Harvard University, Harvard Map Collection, G7064_M7_1910_T5_4673536918 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tipografīi͡a A.S. Suvorina Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 IIIF Item Metadata Original @id https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/ids:10389761/canvas/canvas-10389761.json JSON Data {"@id":"https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/ids:10389761/canvas/canvas-10389761.json","@type":"sc:Canvas","height":10382,"images":[{"@id":"https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/ids:10389761/annotation/anno-10389761.json","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","on":"https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/ids:10389761/canvas/canvas-10389761.json","resource":{"@id":"https://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/iiif/10389761/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","height":10382,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/iiif/10389761","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"width":7470}}],"label":"Harvard University, Harvard Map Collection, G7064_M7_1910_T5_4673536918","thumbnail":{"@id":"https://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/iiif/10389761/full/,150/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image"},"width":7470} UUID 32e396dc-0024-4a94-9fc9-5990edf3e8c3 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/cd7e7f3982fd9c004636fe8b3cda68d4.jpg 69a9af0bda8de2a6db71cb413a802fae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incremental Sea IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 69d5c435-b96e-4394-93cd-fdeeba98c134 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chromolithograph map of the Soviet transport network Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Transkartografiia Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1mdq5o5/TN_cdi_lunacommons_luna_oai_N_A_RUMSEY_8_1_359288_90126077 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 IIIF Item Metadata UUID 700a9e8a-ce69-4a68-956f-128901fc712d https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/f9318aa549fbbee11b81f4ea5c796b62.jpg ae9894854e5001e4a6cc2cc6f82f2263 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incremental Sea IIIF Collection Metadata UUID 69d5c435-b96e-4394-93cd-fdeeba98c134 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ice Chart (February) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource U.S. Navy Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1mdq5o5/TN_cdi_lunacommons_luna_oai_N_A_RUMSEY_8_1_203007_3001308 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 IIIF Item Metadata UUID 1ad9d22d-2b8c-4633-9402-c4e1189194fb https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/cb2ced9ad0a677dcb3b6af8a0e099fe8.jpg 9c14964efb6ffb8e12fb34116e338df8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Project Summaries Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Animating Question(s) What is the spatial history of the rebellion as it is recounted in Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's History of the Pugachev Rebellion (<a href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/001817704/catalog%20" target="_blank">Istoriia Pugachevskogo bunta</a>, 1834)? How did the rebellion progress through space as well as time? Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The rebel and deceiver Emelian Pugachev, from life Subject The topic of the resource Emelian Pugachev Description An account of the resource Oil painting of the leader of the largest rebellion and one of the most significant events of the eighteenth century. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown artist Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rostov Museum; Museum inventory number 4588 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1774-1775 rebellion Volga region https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/50d5472d3ddd88511cbd98fe2537422b.png 279c45c490f6d7d3e72bee2e4c1463eb Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource River and rail lengths, by province (snapshot) Subject The topic of the resource infrastructure Description An account of the resource Snapshot of page xxxvii of Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource V. Zverinskij (redaktor) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Statisticheskij Vremennik Rossijskoj Imperii, vypusk 2, chast’ 1: Materialy dlia statistiki rechnago sudokhodstva v Evropejskoj Rossii. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tsentral’nyj statisticheskij komitet Ministerstva Vnutrennykh Del Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1872 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain. Original held by Harvard College Library. Digitized by Google Books. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Russian empire https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/187b6d90b86d590a5aae1382cb95ce1d.jpg a5fe1c83fc32240be81fefcff3ea7aeb Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data painting Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fair in Ukraine, first half of the 19th century Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vasil' Ivanovich Shternberg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fair_in_Ukraine.jpg?uselang=ru https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/c5dfc0184c2b32be485498ac43f8a471.jpg 33cc842100a8ecc1780400fd45e09d96 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/11207b48d128aa350ab267859ea76b9a.jpg 41c49380290fd6f140a083c1d43288e7 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/797d5aa84988dc701568ad246deb2ad4.jpg eb0397f1a6989c4dce468bc055495093 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Annotated Bibliography Subject The topic of the resource Descriptions of the archival and published sources without which this project could not exist. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 002 Album or Collection Non-archival. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Finland Atlas géographique de l' empire de Russie, du Royaume de Pologne et du Grand Duche de Finlande Description An account of the resource Full title: Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Finland: arranged according to province on 83 sheets, with designations for towns, settlements, and all notable sites, postal and transit roads, stations and distances between them and other settlements in versts: with a general map and table of distances along the postal roads connecting the most important towns, in two languages The "Piadyshev atlas" serves as the foundation for the Imperiia Project. It was the first atlas of its kind, depicting - in modern cartographic terms - an empire that stretched from the Vistula River to the Pacific Ocean. It was produced by the Military-Topographical Depot of the Russian Army General Staff between 1820 and 1827. It underwent revision in 1828-1829, and was reprinted in 1834. This project uses the first printing. The atlas is composed of 60 maps (including a general map of the empire). Digital images of all of them, with the exception of the general map, <a title="go to the collection" href="/collections/show/4" target="_self">can be examined here</a>. In order to render it legible to GIS software, the atlas has been georeferenced. For documentation and discussion, see "<a href="/exhibits/show/1_atlas/analogdigital" target="_self">From Analog to Digital</a>". For detailed bibliographic information, consult the <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/779849743" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WorldCat entry</a>. Print copies of the atlas can be consulted at the following institutions: <a title="citation" href="http://primo.nlr.ru/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=07NLR_LMS010111278&indx=2&recIds=07NLR_LMS010111278&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%2807NLR%29&vid=07NLR_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%20%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8&dstmp=1459437161958" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a> <ul> <li><a title="citation" href="http://primo.nlr.ru/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=07NLR_LMS010111278&indx=2&recIds=07NLR_LMS010111278&recIdxs=1&elementId=1&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%2807NLR%29&vid=07NLR_VU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=default_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%20%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8&dstmp=1459437161958" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Russian National Library</a>, St. Petersburg (1827)</li> <li><a href="https://catalog.nypl.org/record=b11554018~S1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New York Public Library</a>, New York (1827)</li> <li><a title="citation" href="https://i-share.carli.illinois.edu/nby/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&BOOL1=all+of+these&FLD1=OCLC+Number+%28OCLC%29&CNT=20&SAB1=oc?779849743" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Roger S. Baskes Collection, Newberry Library</a>, Chicago (1834)</li> </ul> Digital copies of the atlas are available via<a title="see the atlas in the Rumsey collection" href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/view/search?q=piadyshev&sort=pub_list_no_initialsort,pub_date,pub_list_no,series_no&os=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a> <ul> <li><a title="see the atlas in the Library of Congress collection" href="http://frontiers.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?intldl/mtfront:@OR(@field(AUTHOR+@3(Piadyshev+))+@field(OTHER+@3(Piadyshev+)))" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the Library of Congress Meeting of Frontiers Collection</a> (1827)</li> <li><a title="see the atlas in the Rumsey collection" href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/view/search?q=piadyshev&sort=pub_list_no_initialsort,pub_date,pub_list_no,series_no&os=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the David Rumsey Historical Map Collection </a>(1829)</li> </ul> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vasilii Petrovich Piadyshev (1758-1835), cartographer, Military-Topographical Depot of His Imperial Majesty's General Staff Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 1 atlas (83 leaves in various foliations) : 60 hand color maps ; 44 x 53 cm Language A language of the resource Russian; French; German; Polish Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Военно-топографическое Депо, Санктпетербург [Voenno-topograficheskoe Depo, Sanktpeterburg] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1820-1827 atlas Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographic map of Kiev [Kyiv] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/m/RUMSEY~8~1~333224~90101385/manifest Description An account of the resource German title: Bildplanskizze der Stadt Kiew. Excerpt from Rumsey metadata: "created from aerial photographs taken by reconnaissance officers aboard Luftwaffe planes, which were then edited and photographically printed at the local Wehrmacht headquarters, near Kiev, by a German Army ‘Motorized Surveying & Map Detachment’." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vermessungs- Und Karten-Abteilung (Mot.) 608. [German Army - Motorized Surveying & Map Detachment 608] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Scale 1:20 000 Language A language of the resource German IIIF Item Metadata Original @id https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/m/RUMSEY~8~1~333224~90101385/canvas/c1 JSON Data {"@id":"https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/m/RUMSEY~8~1~333224~90101385/canvas/c1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Sheets 1-2 Bildplanskizze der Stadt Kiew 1:20 000","description":"","metadata":[{"label":"Author","value":"Vermessungs- Und Karten-Abteilung (Mot.) 608. [German Army - Motorized Surveying & Map Detachment 608]."},{"label":"Date","value":"1941"},{"label":"Short Title","value":"Sheets 1-2 Bildplanskizze der Stadt Kiew 1:20 000"},{"label":"Publisher","value":"Vermessungs- Und Karten-Abteilung (Mot.) 608"},{"label":"Publisher Location","value":"Kiev area"},{"label":"Type","value":"Aerial Photograph"},{"label":"Obj Height cm","value":"88"},{"label":"Obj Width cm","value":"108"},{"label":"Scale 1","value":"20,000"},{"label":"Note","value":"Sheets 1 and 2 joined."},{"label":"City","value":"Kiev (Ukraine)"},{"label":"Event","value":"World War II"},{"label":"Subject","value":"Military"},{"label":"Full Title","value":"Sheet 1-2 Bildplanskizze der Stadt Kiew 1:20 000"},{"label":"List No","value":"10839.003"},{"label":"Series No","value":"3"},{"label":"Publication Author","value":"Vermessungs- Und Karten-Abteilung (Mot.) 608. [German Army - Motorized Surveying & Map Detachment 608]."},{"label":"Pub Date","value":"1941"},{"label":"Pub Title","value":"Bildplanskizze der Stadt Kiew 1:20 000"},{"label":"Pub Note","value":"\"Seemingly unrecorded \u2013 a spectacular large format photographic map of Kiev, made on the eve of the WWII Battle of Kiev (August-September 1941), whereby the Nazis captured the city after an epic month-long contest against the Red Army; created from aerial photographs taken by reconnaissance officers aboard Luftwaffe planes, which were then edited and photographically printed at the local Wehrmacht headquarters, near Kiev, by a German Army \u2018Motorized Surveying & Map Detachment\u2019, bearing signs of field use - an amazing artefact from one the seminal events along the Eastern Front. Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 in what was known as Operation Barbarossa, a \u2018Blitzkrieg\u2019 (Lightening Warfare) campaign that sought to conquer all of the country west of the \u2018A-A Line\u2019 (the imagined meridian running from Archangel down to Astrakhan). The Germans were highly confident as the same techniques of rapid, mechanized warfare had practically mowed down France the year before. However, the Wehrmacht severely underestimated the extraordinary bravery and self-sacrifice of the Red Army troops and the severity of the Russian climate. The campaign resulted in several titanic battles involving hundreds of thousands of troops on each side, and while the Germans usually prevailed, they did so always at great cost, with each showdown delaying their progress eastwards and depleting their strength. Meanwhile, the Soviets seemed to be able to transcend unimaginable loss and suffering without losing their resolve; the Nazis eventually learned the hard way that they could not do the same. The Battle of Kiev (August 23 - September 26, 1941), often called the First Battle of Kiev, so as not to confuse it with another showdown in 1943, was one the great events of Operation Barbarossa. During the vicious month-long contest, the Wehrmacht encircled the Soviet Union\u2019s third most important city, capturing or destroying the entire Soviet Southwestern Front Army. The battle has the distinction of being the largest encirclement (in terms of number of troops involved) in military history. To give an idea of the scope of the battle, the Germans dedicated 544,00 troops, consisting of 9 armoured divisions (with a heavy emphasis on tanks) and 25 infantry divisions, to the contest, while the city was defended by an elaborate series of fortifications and a Red Army force that initially numbered of 627,000 men. The Luftwaffe and the Germans\u2019 heavy artillery systematically pounded the strategic infrastructure and military locations within the city in an effort to soften up resistance, but this did not bear fruit, as the Soviets bravely resisted, rushing in more troops to replenish their strength. However, the Wehrmacht pressed hard and managed to completely encircle Kiev while raising the tempo of their bombardment. The Soviets\u2019 situation was hopeless, and at the end of the battle the Germans captured 452,700 Red Army troops, and 2,642 Soviet artillery pieces, along with 64 tanks. Beyond that, horrifically, the Red Army suffered around 700,000 casualties! The Battle of Kiev was a shocking defeat for the Soviets, and while certainly a great technical victory for the Germans, its place in the greater war remains debatable. While the Germans suffered 61,000 casualties and did not lose too much equipment, the month-long battle slowed the Wehrmacht\u2019s progress towards the Volga River. In fact, when the battle concluded, at the end of September, winter on the Steppes was nigh. It would be argued that the Soviet\u2019s tremendous sacrifice at Kiev did much to ensure that by the end of the 1941 campaign season, while Germany had conquered much of Ukraine and a good part of European Russia, it fell well short of its goals, failing to take Moscow or reach the Caucuses. During the 1942 campaign season, the Nazis pursued Case Blue, a high-risk/high-reward strategy that aimed to seize the Baku Oil Fields, but as we all know today, this would end in their disastrous defeat at the Battle of Stalingrad (August 23 \u2013 February 2, 1943), which hailed the beginning of the end of the Third Reich. The present work is a large format \u2018Bildskizze\u2019 (translated as \u2018picture sketch\u2019). It was made in August 1941, immediately before the Wehrmacht attacked Kiev. As will be explored in more detail below, the map was made from photos taken by German military reconnaissance officers aboard high-altitude Luftwaffe flights over Kiev. The raw photos were then edited and prepared onto the present work by a German Army \u2018Motorized Surveying & Map Detachment\u2019 working at the local army headquarters outside of Kiev, where the present map was photographically printed. The map is the most accurate and up to date cartographic view of Kiev would have been directly consulted by the German High Command when preparing their attack, while also serving as a critical source for improving conventional military maps. The photographic map showcases the entire city of Kiev (the city proper had a population of 930,000 in 1940) and its environs. As shown, the city lies on the western bank of the mighty Dnieper River, surrounded on all sides by farmland. The street pattern of the old city, with its dense, irregular blocks and bastions, is clearly visible, and it sharply contrasts with that of the more modern midtown, which follows a rational grid-pattern of wider thoroughfares; while the low-density suburbs fan out into the countryside. All major topographical features and works of infrastructure are clearly visible, and the utility of the map is aided by the overlay of the white grid for rendering coordinates. On the map, the names of various key features and military targets have been drawn in in white lettering, including the \u2018Dnjeper\u2019 (Dnieper River, with an arrow showing its course); \u2018Umgehungsbahn\u2019 (bypass road); \u2018Eisenbahnbr\u00fccke\u2019 (railway bridge); \u2018Hafen\u2019 (harbour on the Dnieper); \u2018Zitadelle\u2019 (Citadelle / old fort complex); \u2018Hauptbahnhof\u2019 (railway station); \u2018G\u00fcterbahnhof\u2019 (rail freight depot); \u2018Flughafen\u2019 (airport); as well as marking the roads or railways leading out of the city towards various locations, including Odessa, Zhitomir, Vasylkiv and Borvary. Also, many other potential targets are clearly identified, including fortifications, factories, warehouses, military marshalling yards, as well as places such as sports stadiums. Of great importance, unlike all the other maps that the Germans had access to, the Bildskizze shows the scene in real time, noting many recent changes the Soviets may have made to the landscape or military or civilian infrastructure. For examples, the map reveals all sorts of recent and intense activity around the airport, as well as signs of heavy construction (defensive works) across the Dnieper from the city. A trained eye would surely be able to tease out dozens of more interesting details. To the point, the present map provided a wealth of information to the Wehrmacht High Command, as they planned their next moves, that would not have been available on any other map. Upon the outset of Operation Barbarossa, the Wehrmacht went to great lengths to acquire the most recent Soviet maps of potential battle zones, in many cases reprinting them at the German Army General Staff\u2019s ultra-modern press in Berlin. While the Soviet maps tended to be of very high quality, they intentionally omitted much military information, such as the locations of most defensive works, while the Red Army had made so many changes to the landscape and military infrastructure all across the country that even the best printed maps in the possession of the Germans left much to be desired. The Wehrmacht needed much more detailed and up-to-date information for operational planning. In some instances, they gained this intelligence from human assets, but in other cases they had to go out and acquire it for themselves. Throughout World War II, the Wehrmacht operated numerous Vermessungs- und Karten-Abteilung (Motorisiert), which roughly translates to \u2018Motorized Surveying and Map Detachments\u2019. These highly sophisticated units were manned by skilled surveyors, draftsmen and printing technicians, and often (but not always) traveled in specially-fitted train cars that contained drafting/photography studios and advanced printing presses, while in other cases the equipment was transported to fixed locations in Nazi-controlled territories where a temporary publishing house was established. The places where the Detachments operated printing presses were called \u2018Armee-Kartenstelle\u2019 (Army Map Sites). The Motorized Map Detachments were usually assigned to and followed the progress of specific army corps and their workshops could be instantly set up close to battle fronts, where new maps could be made, or existing maps updated, predicated upon fresh aerial reconnaissance and field intelligence. In many cases, new maps could be generated within hours of fresh information arriving at the Armee-Kartenstelle. Of particular relevance to the present work, the Vermessungs- und Karten-Abteilung (Motorisiert) often sent skill mapping photographers up on high-altitude Luftwaffe reconnaissance flights to take photographs that could be edited into \u2018bildskizze\u2019 at the Armee-Kartenstelle, photographically printed, and then given immediately to field commanders. The bildskizze would otherwise be used by draftsmen to improve conventional printed maps. The exact circumstances of the production of the present work is described by the text written in the box on the lower right corner reads: \u2018Angerfertigt nach Luftbildern der von Koluft 6 aufgenommenen Filme Nr. 10R, 54, 55, 57, 292, 299, 346 und 402 durch die K. Batterie (Bildzug) der Verm. u. Ka. Abteilung (mot.) 608 im August 1941. Das schwarze Gitternetz entspricht dem Gauss-Kr\u00fcger-Netz der Karte 1:50000. Das wie\u00dfe Gitternetz diente lediglich zur Erzielung einer einheitlichen Entzerrungsgrundlage. Beim Abgreifen von Punktkoordinaten kann mit einer mittleren Genauigkeit von 50m gerechner werden.\u2018 Translation: \u2018Made from aerial photos of the films Nos. 10R, 54, 55, 57, 292, 299, 346 and 402 taken by Koluft 6 by the K. Battery (photo train) of Motorized Surveying and Mapping Detachment 608 in August 1941. The black grid corresponds to the Gauss-Kr\u00fcger grid of the map 1: 50000. The white grid network only served to achieve a uniform basis for equalization. When picking up point coordinates, calculations can be carried out with an average accuracy of 50 metres\u2019. This explanation reveals that in August 1941 the Koluft 6 (reconnaissance unit no. 6), working as part of the Motorized Surveying and Mapping Detachment 608, took photographs of the Kiev, certainly aboard high-altitude Luftwaffe flights. These raw photos would then have been developed at a special studio at the \u2018Armee-Kartenstelle\u2019, located near the Kiev at the Headquarters of the local German High Command. They would then have been adjusted for clarity, contract and sizing to create the template of the present bildskizze. Printed paper labels (containing the title and the caption) would then had been laid down, along with the aforementioned grid, while certain names on the map would have been added in manuscript in white. The resulting proof would then have been reproduced by photographic methods in only a very small number of examples. The first few examples of the bildskizze would have been rushed out to the high command to be used in battle planning sessions. A few other examples would remain for the map drafting corps, as the valuable up-to-date information could be integrated into new conventional printed maps, while a couple other examples would be sent to Berlin for the same purpose. It seems that the present example of the bildskizze was used for military planning in the field. A manuscript inscription the verso reads: \u201cam 12/9/41 am FR278 Abgebeben\u201d (\u201cTurned in to FR278 (supposedly some army unit code?) on September 9, 1941\u201d), a date which fell near the middle of the Battle of Kiev. Moreover, its rough condition suggests extensive field use. The present work seems to be unrecorded. We cannot trace a reference, let alone the location of another example. However, it is possible that another example or two survives in a German archive or library, with the understanding that many of Germany\u2019s World War II collections are not yet well catalogued. This is not really surprising, as only a handful of the Bildskizze would have been made in the first place, and while they would have been highly valued by commanders during the Battle of Kiev, these large fragile works would tend to have perished during the action, or discarded shortly afterwards. It is worth noting that we were able to find a reference to a Bildplanskizze der Stadt Kiew 1:15000, likewise made in August 1941 by the Koluft 6, Vermessungs- und Karten-Abteilung (Mot.) 608. It is cited as one of the \u2018Grundlagen\u2019 (Sources) of a printed map, Stadtplan Kiew / Sonderausgabe A / 1:25.000 (1943), made around the time of the Second Battle of Kiev (1943), during which the Soviets liberated the city from the Nazis. While this bildskizze is clearly related the present work, it is noted as being of a different scale and we simply do not know what it looked like, as we cannot locate any surviving examples of that work. Further research may shed some light on the matter. Also, the press of the German General Staff in Berlin printed copies of the some of the bildskizze of various Soviet locations. They were often issued within rare portfolios of maps of the Eastern Front intended for the use of officers. However, these works were published in an entirely different technique than the original bildskizze made in the field, and are very different things, begin mere copies, not artifacts from the battle front. We are not aware of the current whereabouts of a Berlin copy of a Kiev bildskizze of any kind. \" (Alexander Johnson and Dasa Pahor, 2021)"},{"label":"Pub List No","value":"10839.000"},{"label":"Pub Type","value":"Aerial Photograph"},{"label":"Pub Height cm","value":"44"},{"label":"Pub Width cm","value":"108"},{"label":"Image No","value":"10839003.jp2"},{"label":"Download 1","value":"<a href=https://www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/download.pl?image=/195/10839003.jp2 target=_blank>Full Image Download in JP2 Format</a>"},{"label":"Download 2","value":"<a href=https://www.extensis.com/support/geoviewer-9 target=_blank >GeoViewer for JP2 and SID files</a>"},{"label":"Authors","value":"Vermessungs- Und Karten-Abteilung (Mot.) 608. [German Army - Motorized Surveying & Map Detachment 608]."}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/RUMSEY~8~1~333224~90101385/full/!96,96/0/default.jpg","format":"image/jpeg"},"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/RUMSEY~8~1~333224~90101385/full/!1024,1024/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/RUMSEY~8~1~333224~90101385","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json","protocol":"http://iiif.io/api/image"},"format":"image/jpeg","width":26528,"height":22498},"on":"https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/m/RUMSEY~8~1~333224~90101385/canvas/c1"}],"otherContent":["https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/m/RUMSEY~8~1~333224~90101385/list/luna"],"width":26528,"height":22498} UUID 1e72c301-a11b-4ec2-a51a-4318ff86abe5 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/f469e24ffe8dedbcb092d892ec50c862.jpg 0f137bff59aad725a1a6c64f9c715708 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Woman with Many Faces IIIF Collection Metadata UUID ac3cc6c1-a35b-4022-a805-3d7908269227 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Empress Catherine the Great in Her Coronation Robe Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vigillius Erichsen Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.meisterdrucke.us/fine-art-prints/Vigilius-Erichsen/719550/Portrait-of-Empress-Catherine-the-Great-in-Her-Coronation-Robe.html Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource before 1782 IIIF Item Metadata UUID 9adcbbfa-6df6-4959-8bd3-c3b3afa7827a