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                <text>This is one of the most surprising map layers. Of the 59 sheets of the Piadyshev atlas, only one includes mosques in its legend. If you were to take the atlas as an authoritative source for the cultural geography of the empire, you would have no choice but to conclude that there were but four mosques in the entire Russian Empire, and that all of those mosques were located within 175 kilometers (roughly 100 miles) of each other, along the Akshi-kun and Nura rivers, both of which flow into Lake Kurgaldzhin in Omsk province. (&lt;a href="http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/russianempire/T6M" target="_blank"&gt;Click here to see them on the interactive map&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why did the Military-Topographical Depot choose to include these mosque locations, and not the thousands of others dotting the landscape of the Volga provinces and Tavrida? A question worth mulling, to be sure.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;The atlas legend does not differentiate between types of monastic institutions. According to the toponyms, 24 of the 74 sites in this layer are sketes (скит), 12 are hermitages (пустынь), and the rest are garden-variety monasteries. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Together they spread across 29 provinces, including guberni and oblasti, plus Finland. (&lt;a href="http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/russianempire/T6T" target="_blank"&gt;Click here to see them on the interactive map&lt;/a&gt;.) As the maps included here suggest, monasteries are located in a range of settings: on desolate islands in the White Sea, near the hustle and bustle of thickly-settled towns, in remote recesses of the empire, and everywhere in between.&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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                <text>The atlas shows 148 factories (fabriki and zavody) spread across 25 provinces. The distribution is far from uniform: 50 factories are located in Perm alone. &#13;
&#13;
If you go through this layer in detail (either on the Imperiia Map or in Dataverse) you will notice that the "placenames" are, in most cases, no such thing: they are instead descriptions of the kind of factory at a given location. [Translations to come in the next iteration of the data.]</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self"&gt;Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas]</text>
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                <text>Of the ten customs locations noted on the atlas, five are on the Black Sea: Odessa, Ochakov, Nikolaev, Sevastopol, and Feodosiia. The others include St. Petersburg, three locations in Vilenskaia guberniia, and one in Lifliand.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self"&gt;Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas]</text>
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                <text>This layer contains five confirmed canals and ten features that may, or may not, be canals as well. The five confirmed canals include the Mariinskoi, Berezinskoi, Ivanovskoi (pictured in the accompanying map), Oginskoi, and Ladoga canals. Together they total 235.78 kilometers (the Ladoga canal is by far the longest, coming in at over 101 km).</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self"&gt;Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas]</text>
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                <text>Russia was a riverine-boreal empire, replete with rivers ranging from the mighty Volga to the seasonal streams washing down hillsides in the Caucasian highlands. Rivers were a fundamental element of Russia's spatial profile, and they are a fundamental element of the Piadyshev atlas. The men of the Military-Topographical Depot of the Army General Staff scrupulously drew thousands of rivers, inscribing their courses and their names on each individual sheet, interrupting their graceful lines whenever they intersected a provincial boundary and picking up the watery narrative on the adjacent sheet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result, these are two of the most substantial layers in the set. Altogether there are 21,997 features, most of which represent the full course of a river or stream. (In some cases, the course is broken up into segments.) Of these, 1,935 features bear toponyms (hydronyms, to be precise), 651 of which have been recorded. This subset is available on the Imperiia Map; the full set is available upon request and will be published in the Imperiia dataverse in coming months. The final version of the dataset will include the complete set of hydronyms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For those of you keeping track of such things, the shortest river given a name on the Piadyshev atlas is the 28-kilometer Varuzha River in Vitebsk province. The longest - and the longest overall - is the Lena River, which stretches 3,712 kilometers (the modern measure is 4,472 kilometers) from the Baikal region to its mouth on the Arctic Ocean.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self"&gt;Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas]</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="/exhibits/show/2_profile" target="_self"&gt;&lt;em&gt;[Back to The Spatial Profile]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Main post roads</text>
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                <text>infrastructure/mobility</text>
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                <text>There were over 1,000 main post roads crossing the empire in the 1820s.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self"&gt;Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas]</text>
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