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                  <text> Harvard Library does not claim to own copyright in material in this digitized collection and therefore cannot grant or deny permission for reproduction, publication, or other uses. It is the responsibility of scholars using this material to determine whether or not an item is protected by copyright or in the public domain.&#13;
Before the Decree of March 31, 1959, issued by the Presidium of the RSFSR Supreme Soviet, copyright in photographs was covered by the previous law: Section 12 of the Federal Copyright Act of 1928. This previous law required a special notice for photographs to maintain copyright. According to Section 12, “to maintain his copyright to photographs, the photographer shall mark each copy with the firm name or the personal name and address of the photographer, as well as with the year of publication of the photographic work.” [From Gsovski, V. (1949). Soviet civil law: v.2, Translation. P. 406] Photographs published without this notice either lost the copyright from the publication or forfeited an already complete right. See Levitsky, S. (1964). Introduction to Soviet copyright law: Status juris, end 1962 (Law in Eastern Europe ; no. 8). Leyden: Sythoff.</text>
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                <text>7. The Carpets of Turkmenistan. When you meet a rider on a spirited Akhal-Tekin horse on the roads of Turkmenia, you will invariably see his crimson saddle-bag with long fringe. The pictures one of these bags spread out.</text>
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                  <text> Harvard Library does not claim to own copyright in material in this digitized collection and therefore cannot grant or deny permission for reproduction, publication, or other uses. It is the responsibility of scholars using this material to determine whether or not an item is protected by copyright or in the public domain.&#13;
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                <text>10. Turbines for the Dnieper Hydro-Electric Stations. Turbines for the Dnieper Hydro-Electric Stations/ 10. Turbines of Nazi-wrecked power stations have been sent to the Stalin Engineering Works in Leningrad for repairs. This rotor of a steam turbine was damaged by the Germans at one of the power stations in Soviet Estonia during their retreat from the Baltic countries./ Photo by O. Knorring/ No. 47939</text>
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                  <text>Together, the 59 map sheets in this collection constitute the &lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self"&gt;Geographic Atlas of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Finland&lt;/a&gt;. The metadata for each sheet in this collection consists of the following:&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;ul&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Title: a simplified English translation of the name of the administrative unit&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Alternate names: the Cyrillic name given on the sheet as well as a Latin transliteration&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Scale: the scale ratio provided by the Library of Congress&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Sheet #: the integer representing the order in which the sheet appears in the atlas&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Sheet publication year: the year in which the sheet was originally published, prior to compilation in 1827&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
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&lt;a href="https://imperiia.omeka.fas.harvard.edu/neatline/fullscreen/reading-moscow#records/20" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;We marked up the Moscow Province sheet so that you can get better sense of what the maps contain.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note too, that each sheet is linked to other items in the project site. These "item relations" are listed at the bottom of the page, along with any relevant thematic tags.</text>
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                  <text>In 1856, a hot new item hit the shelves in Russia: a set of&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a data-size="medium" data-align="right" data-caption="description" data-annotations="" resource="yaroslav-province" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/imperiia/original/3159934d76f3c41fb9190281e87d6db9.jpg" class="media_link texteo_icon texteo_icon_image"&gt;playing cards&lt;/a&gt;. Created by Konstantin Matveevich Gribanov, the set had an impressive title:&#13;
&lt;div&gt;&#13;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Album of Geographical Playing Cards of Russia, arranged on 80 cards according to maritime basin (A wonderful and instructive child's game of patience)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#13;
&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As you can imagine, these were not your ordinary playing cards&lt;/strong&gt;. They were elaborately illustrated, beautifully-produced, and&amp;nbsp;laden with pedagogical and ideological value. If you had money to spare and fancied yourself an educated, elite, or prestige-hungry subject of the tsar, you no doubt found a way to get your hands on a set.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;We think you should play with these cards.&lt;/strong&gt; We think the chances are good that you will learn as much from them as we have. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You don't read Russian?&lt;/strong&gt; No problem, we have translated the content.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You don't know where any of these places are?&lt;/strong&gt; No problem, we made maps.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You don't know what questions to ask?&lt;/strong&gt; No problem, we took care of that, too.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;h2&gt;Now stop making excuses. &lt;a href="https://imperiia.scalar.fas.harvard.edu/imperiia/the-playing-cards"&gt;Click here to explore "Deal: History Through Playing Cards&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;/h2&gt;&#13;
(And come back here anytime to access the images via a dynamic, high-resolution viewer.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: The cards were digitized as the "Geographic Card Set of the Russian Empire" by the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://international.loc.gov/intldl/mtfhtml/mfdigcol/nlrmp.html#d_eng" rel="noopener"&gt;Meeting of Frontiers&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;project: a collaboration between the&amp;nbsp;Library of Congress and&amp;nbsp;the Russian National Library. They are available for noncommercial educational use.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/mtfhtml/mfhome.html" target="_blank"&gt;Meeting of Frontiers Digital Collections&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Out back of the Şahin Pansiyon Kafeterya, in the Kaçkar Mountains</text>
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                <text>After hours on muddy mountain paths in the Kaçkars, we stopped for tea in a deserted valley with seasonal cottages. The owner of the cafe grabbed a large fishing net and I followed him out back to a small cement pool filled with trout. Strangely, he ditched the net and slid all nine fish onto his fingers. I asked if I could snap a photo, he nodded in approval and looked up in bemusement.</text>
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                <text>Russian law differentiated between towns that were, and towns that were not, seats of administrative power. In each district (uezd) there could be only one "district town" (uezdnyj gorod); other populated places that enjoyed the privileges of urban status were called zashtatnye goroda (заштатные города) or pripisnye gorod (приписные города). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Piadyshev atlas uses the same symbol to describe both zashtatnye and pripisnye towns. Pripisnye goroda, or registered towns, are the predominant form. The following provinces contain zashtatnye, rather than pripisnye, goroda:&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
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&lt;li&gt;Kurliand (where they are called "ordinary" (обыкновенные) towns&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Lifliand (where they are designated "small" (малые) towns&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Estliand (where they are designated "small" (малые) towns&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Kharkov&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Ekaterinoslav&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Tavrida&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Kursk&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Orlov&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Kostroma&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Caucasus&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Orenburg&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Tomsk&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Enisejsk&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Irkutsk&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://dighist.fas.harvard.edu/projects/imperiia/items/show/321" target="_self"&gt;Geographical Atlas of the Russian Empire&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;1820-1827 [Piadyshev Atlas]</text>
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                <text>Town plan of Odessa, 1894</text>
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                  <text> Harvard Library does not claim to own copyright in material in this digitized collection and therefore cannot grant or deny permission for reproduction, publication, or other uses. It is the responsibility of scholars using this material to determine whether or not an item is protected by copyright or in the public domain.&#13;
Before the Decree of March 31, 1959, issued by the Presidium of the RSFSR Supreme Soviet, copyright in photographs was covered by the previous law: Section 12 of the Federal Copyright Act of 1928. This previous law required a special notice for photographs to maintain copyright. According to Section 12, “to maintain his copyright to photographs, the photographer shall mark each copy with the firm name or the personal name and address of the photographer, as well as with the year of publication of the photographic work.” [From Gsovski, V. (1949). Soviet civil law: v.2, Translation. P. 406] Photographs published without this notice either lost the copyright from the publication or forfeited an already complete right. See Levitsky, S. (1964). Introduction to Soviet copyright law: Status juris, end 1962 (Law in Eastern Europe ; no. 8). Leyden: Sythoff.</text>
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                <text>Here and There in the Soviet Union. Baku. Geologist Sadykh Jafarov is shown here examining a survey map together with his assistant, Valentina Sozina, a participant in geological surveying expeditions. Jafarov recently shared a Stalin Prize with another geologist, Baba Baba-Zade, for the discovery of a major oil field of great importance in Azerbaijan.</text>
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