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Imperial officials who daydreamed about looking out the frosty windows of the Winter Palace onto a relentlessly well-organized and highly standarized state were in for disappointment. Wedged in at the margins of the more-or-less regularized provinces…
This dataset contains 5,637 features with a total area of 253,258 square kilometers (km2). The majority are lakes (named and unnamed). Estuaries and inland seas are included as well.The largest of these features, according to the atlas geometry, is…
The Piadyshev Atlas describes two semi-autonomous, or primary, administrative regions (the atlas does not include mention of namestnichestva or governor-generalships):
the Grand Duchy of Finland (acquired in 1809);
the Kingdom of Poland…
Provinces were the building blocks of the imperial administrative structure. Starting in the 18th century, provinces came in two forms: the guberniia and the oblast'. Empress Catherine II determined the shape and structure of the former, dominant…
The districts were tertiary administrative units. Each was nested within a secondary unit (guberniia, oblast', or irregular division).The Piadyshev Atlas describes 583 districts, including 24 vladeniia and okruga in Georgia, 7 nachal'stva in the Don…
The provincial town (губернский город) was the administrative capital of the province, the seat of the civil governor, and in some cases a military governor or governor-general. Provincial towns ranged from the relatively humble (Vologda) to the…